WAEC Animal Husbandry (Alt B) 3 (Practical) 2025

Number 1

(1a)
(i)Comfort and reduced stress
(ii)Absorbency and hygiene
(iii)Insulation

(1bi)
(i)Refrigeration: Storing beef at low temperatures to slow down bacterial growth.
(ii)Freezing: Freezing beef to preserve it for longer periods.
(iii)Curing: Using salt or other curing agents to draw out moisture and prevent bacterial growth.
(iv)Smoking: Exposing beef to smoke to preserve it and add flavor.
(v)Canning: Sealing beef in airtight containers and heating them to kill bacteria and extend shelf life.

(1bii)
(i)Perishability
(ii)Competition from imports
(iii)Cultural and religious factors
(iv)Infrastructure and logistics

(1c)
(i)Tanning
(ii)Finishing
(iii)Dyeing

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Number 2

(2a)
(i)Food storage: The crop stores food for digestion and absorption.
(ii)Digestion: The crop secretes enzymes to break down food.

(2aii)
(i)Chickens
(ii)Turkeys
(iii)Ducks
(iv)Geese

(2bi)
(i)Detoxification: Removing toxins from the blood.
(ii)Metabolism: Regulating metabolism and energy production.
(iii)Storage: Storing glycogen, vitamins, and minerals.
(iv)Production: Producing bile and other digestive enzymes.
(v)Regulation: Regulating blood sugar levels.

(2bii)
(i)Fasciola hepatica (Liver fluke)
(ii)Dicrocoelium dendriticum(Lancet liver fluke)

(2c)
(i)Support and protection: Hooves provide support and protection for the animal’s feet.
(ii)Movement and balance: Hooves help animals to move and balance.

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Number 3

(3ai)
(i)Weighing scale: Measuring the weight of animals or objects.
(ii)Egg Candler: Checking the fertility and development of eggs.
(iii)Thermometer: Measuring temperature in animals or environments.
(iv)Hypodermic syringe: Administering medications or vaccines to animals.

(3aii)
(i)Weighing scale: Regular calibration.
(ii)Egg Candler: Cleaning and dusting.
(iii)Thermometer: Calibration and storage.
(iv)Hypodermic syringe: Sterilization and proper storage.

(3b)
(i)Darken the room: Reduce light to improve visibility.
(ii)Place egg on candler: Position the egg to view its contents.
(iii)Check for fertility: Observe the egg’s development.

(3c)
(i)Sterilization
(ii)Proper disposal

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Number 4

(4a)
(i)Cows
(ii)Goats
(iii)Sheep

(4bi)
(i)Hand milking: Manual milking using hands.
(ii)Machine milking: Using milking machines

(4bii)
(i)Preparation: Clean and sanitize the udder and teats.
(ii)Stimulation: Massage the udder to stimulate milk letdown.
(iii)Milking: Gently grasp the teat and milk into a clean container.
(iv)Filtering: Filter the milk to remove any debris or bacteria.

(4ci)
(i)Protein

(4cii)
(i)Toxic compounds: Fresh leucaena contains toxic compounds like mimosine, which can be harmful to livestock.
(ii)Digestive issues: Fresh leucaena can cause digestive issues in some animals, such as bloating or diarrhea.

COMPLETED!!!

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