WAEC Animal Husbandry (Alt B) OBJ 2025
01-10: AADABCDBBC
11-20: CACABDDDCC
21-30: CDDACCDDAD
31-40: CDABDACCBC
COMPLETED!!!
WAEC Animal Husbandry (Alt B) Essay 2025
Number 1
(1ai)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) To extend its shelf life
(ii) To prevent spoilage and bacterial growth
(iii) To maintain its nutritional content and quality
(iv) To improve its flavor and texture
(v) To facilitate storage and transportation
(vi) To increase availability and accessibility in areas with limited access to fresh meat
(vii) To reduce waste and save money
(viii) To meet specific cultural or religious dietary restrictions
(1aii)
[PICK ANY FIVE]
(i) Ham
(ii) Sausage
(iii) Bacon
(iv) Hot dogs
(v) Deli meats
(vi) Jerky
(vii) Pepperoni
(viii) Corned beef
(1b)
[PICK ANY FOUR]
(i) They are smaller in size compared to commercial breeds.
(ii) They have a more intense flavor and texture.
(iii) They are more resistant to diseases and adverse environmental conditions.
(iv) They are able to forage for their own food.
(v) They are usually raised in free-range systems.
(vi) They have a longer life span than commercial breeds.
(1ci)
[PICK ANY THREE]
(i) Artificial vagina
(ii) Electro-ejaculation
(iii) Massage method
(iv) Manual collection
(v) Transrectal massage
(vi) Epididymal or testicular sperm aspiration
(1cii)
(i) Ensure that the equipment is cleaned and sterilized properly before use.
(ii) Use only high-quality semen from healthy donors.
(iii) Follow proper hygiene protocols to minimize the risk of infection.
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Number 2
(2ai)
Ovulation is the process by which a mature ovum (egg) is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, making it available for fertilization by sperm.
(2aii) Oestrus Cycle:
The oestrus cycle is the recurring reproductive cycle in female mammals, characterized by phases of sexual receptivity (heat) and non-receptivity.
(2aiii) Heat Period:
The heat period is the phase of the oestrus cycle when the female is sexually receptive and willing to mate.
(2aiv) Parturition:
Parturition involves the expulsion of the fetus and placenta from the uterus through the birth canal, marking the end of pregnancy and the beginning of the postpartum period.
(2b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Restlessness and pacing
(ii) Separation from the flock
(iii)Increased lying down and getting up
(iv)Pawing or digging at the ground
(v)Discharge of mucus or blood-tinged fluid from the vulva
(vi)Udder enlargement and teats filling with milk
(vii)Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments and vulva
(2c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)Temperature control unit
(ii)Humidity control unit
(iii)Ventilation system
(iv) Turning mechanism
(v)Egg tray or holder
(vi)Heating element
(vii)Thermometer
(viii)Hygrometer
(2d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i)Roundworms (e.g., Ascaris)
(ii)Tapeworms (e.g., Taenia)
(iii) Hookworms (e.g., Ancylostoma)
(iv)Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
(v)Coccidia (e.g., Eimeria)
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Number 3
(3a)
(i) Harvest the forage crop at the right stage of maturity.
(ii) Chop the harvested forage into small pieces.
(iii) Wilt the forage reduce excess moisture content.
(iv) Pack the chopped forage tightly into a silo or pit to exclude air.
(v) Cover the silo or pit with plastic sheeting to maintain anaerobic conditions.
(vi) Allow the forage to ferment for several weeks before feeding.
(3b)
(i) Ovary
(ii) Infundibulum
(iii) Magnum
(iv) Uterus
(v) Isthmus
(3c)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Increased competition for food and water
(ii) Faster spread of diseases and parasites
(iii) Poor growth and weight gain
(iv) High mortality rate
(v) Destruction of pasture and vegetation
(vi) Increased stress and aggression among animals
(vii) Reduced productivity and reproduction rate
(3d)
(PICK TWO ONLY)
(i) Mash
(ii) Pellets
(iii) Crumbles
(iv) Blocks
(3e)
(PICK THREE ONLY)
(i) Large size of the fetus
(ii) Wrong positioning of the fetus
(iii) Narrow birth canal
(iv) Uterine inertia or weak contractions
(v) Multiple births or twins
(vi) Malformation of the fetus
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Number 4
(4a)
To calculate plant population:
• Area of land = 200 m × 150 m = 30,000 m²
• Spacing = 50 cm × 50 cm = 0.5 m × 0.5 m = 0.25 m² per plant
• Number of planting spots = Total area / Area per plant
= 30,000 m² ÷ 0.25 m² = 120,000 spots
• Germination percentage = 70%
• Expected plant population = 70% of 120,000 = 0.70 × 120,000 = 84,000 plants
(4b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Wholesalers
(ii) Retailers
(iii) Distributors
(iv) Cooperatives
(v) Transporters
(vi) Middlemen
(4c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Poor nutrition and inadequate feeding
(ii) Prevalence of diseases and parasites
(iii) Poor housing and management practices
(iv) Low genetic potential of local breeds
(v) Inadequate veterinary services
(vi) Harsh climatic conditions
(vii) Insecurity and theft
(4di)
A fodder crop is a type of crop that is grown primarily to be harvested and fed to livestock, either green, dry, or as silage.
(4dii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Elephant grass
(ii) Guinea grass
(iii) Alfalfa
(iv) Clover
(v) Stylosanthes
==================
Number 5
(5ai)
Quarantine is a period of isolation or confinement of animals to prevent the spread of disease. It involves separating animals that may have been exposed to a disease from the rest of the herd or flock to prevent transmission.
(5aii)
Immunity refers to the ability of an animal’s body to resist infection or disease. It can be acquired through vaccination, previous exposure to a disease, or maternal antibodies passed from mother to offspring.
(5aiii)
A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Examples include rabies, brucellosis, and salmonellosis.
(5b)
(i)Reduced productivity: Liver fluke infestation can lead to reduced productivity in livestock, including weight loss, decreased milk production, and poor overall health.
(ii)Increased mortality: Severe liver fluke infestation can lead to increased mortality rates in livestock.
(iii)Veterinary costs: Liver fluke infestation can result in increased veterinary costs for treatment and control measures.
(iv)Liver condemnation: Infected livers may be condemned at slaughter, resulting in economic losses for farmers.
(5c)
(i)Insecticides.
(ii)Good hygiene
(iii)Regular inspection
(5di)
(i)Queen bee
(ii)Worker bees
(iii)Drones
(5dii)
(i)Beehive
(ii)Smoker
(iii)Hive tool
(iv)Bee brush
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Number 6
(6a)
(i)Oxygen transport: Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.
(ii)Nutrient transport: Blood carries nutrients from the digestive system to the body’s tissues.
(iii)Waste removal: Blood carries waste products from the body’s tissues to the excretory organs.
(iv)Immune function: Blood contains immune cells that help fight infection and disease.
(6bi)
Pseudoruminants are animals that have a three-chambered stomach and a digestive system similar to ruminants, but with some key differences. They are able to digest and extract nutrients from plant-based foods, but their digestive system is not as complex as that of true ruminants.
(6bii)
(i)Horses
(ii)Rabbits
(6c)
(i)Ensure adequate colostrum intake: Newborn lambs need to receive adequate colostrum from their mother to provide essential nutrients and antibodies.
(ii)Monitor for hypothermia: Newborn lambs are susceptible to hypothermia, so it’s essential to monitor their temperature and provide warmth if necessary.
(iii)Ensure proper umbilical care: The umbilical cord should be treated with an antiseptic to prevent infection.
(6d)
(i)Heart
(ii)Arteries
(iii)Veins
COMPLETED!!!